滴灌方式及灌溉定额对酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响

【目的】探究适宜的酿酒葡萄滴灌方案。【方法】采用二因素三水平随机区组试验,滴灌方式设置3个水平:无膜滴灌(A1)、膜上滴灌(A2)和膜下滴灌(A3),生育期灌溉定额因素设置3个水平:高水(W1)、中水(W2)和低水(W3),共计9个处理,研究了不同滴灌方式及灌溉定额对酿酒葡萄生长、光合、产量和品质的影响。【结果】覆膜措施及适量提高灌溉定额均能有效促进酿酒葡萄的生长发育。其中膜下滴灌的促进效果更加明显,新梢长及新梢茎粗的平均水平分别比无膜滴灌处理高4.49%和6.77%。随着灌溉定额的增加,酿酒葡萄的百粒质量和产量逐渐增大。膜下滴灌和膜上滴灌处理产量的平均值分别比无膜滴灌处理增加48.26%和20.26%。膜下滴灌方式对应的糖酸比在35.23~43.32范围内,较其他滴灌方式在合理范围内。【结论】综合考虑得出,在贺兰山东麓砾石土种植区生育期降雨量为126.3mm的条件下,采用膜下滴灌方式和灌溉定额为2295m³/hm²组合时,酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质指标均较好。在贺兰山东麓地区,若灌溉定额不变(即灌溉定额为2295m³/hm²)时,调整灌水5~7次,其膜下滴灌灌溉制度更为适宜。     

海南省胡椒瘟病病原鉴定及发生规律

采用形态特征观察、致病性测定及rDNA-ITS序列分析等方法,对海南省主产区胡椒瘟病病原进行鉴定,通过田间实地调查对胡椒瘟病的发生规律进行了研究。结果表明,该病病原为辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici),月平均降雨量对该病的发生有着显著的影响。降雨量越大,持续降雨天数越多,发病率越高。     

剥离观察植物花粉亚结构

用剥离粉壁的新技术,以扫描电镜观察了禾本等10科30种被子植物的花粉。此法能简单快速获得粉壁的断面、基粒棒的立体结构;能剥离花粉壁的各个层次。可见粉壁各个层次的内外两个侧面上的细微结构;能清楚地暴露花粉萌发孔的多层镶嵌结构。经香港终端国际联机检索,1965年至1985年国际文献中尚无此种观察技术,上述观察结果前人也未曾描述。     

Ultrasonographic examination of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint in horses: Part A: Technique and normal images

The collateral ligaments (CL) of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) are important structures for DIPJ stability. Collateral ligament injuries must be considered in the differential diagnosis of foot pain. An accurate examination of the CL‐DIPJ can be performed with an adequate ultrasonographic technique and equipment. This paper describes the technique and normal ultrasonographic images as reference data for the diagnosis and documentation of CL‐DIPJ desmopathies and enthesopathies.     

口蹄疫O型固相竞争ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的临床应用

用口蹄疫O型固相竞争ELISA检测血清1 150份,口蹄疫O型免疫血清820份,敏感性为91.83%;试剂盒特异性评价检测血清180份,其特异性为89.4%;固相竞争ELISA和液相阻断ELISA共同检测血清100份,其相关性分析为0.964 1,R2为0.929 5,属于高度相关。3批试剂盒检测血清样品50份,检测结果差异不显著,口蹄疫O型固相竞争ELISA抗体检测试剂盒检测结果比较稳定,具有良好的批间可重复性和稳定性。     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN HORSES WITH FOOT PAIN BUT WITHOUT RADIOGRAPHICALLY DETECTABLE OSSEOUS ABNORMALITIES

Foot pain is an important cause of lameness in horses. When horses with foot pain have no detectable radiographic abnormalities, soft‐tissue assessment remains a diagnostic challenge without magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Ultrasonography can provide an alternative to MR imaging when that modality is not available but the extent of changes that might be seen has not been characterized. We reviewed the ultrasonographic findings in 39 horses with lameness responding positively to anesthesia of the palmar digital nerves and without radiographically detectable osseous abnormalities. Thirty of the 39 horses had lesions affecting the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), 27 had abnormalities in the distal interphalangeal joint of which six had a visible abnormality in the collateral ligament. Ultrasonographic abnormalities were seen in the podotrochlear bursa in 22 horses and in the ligaments of the navicular bone in two horses. Abnormalities of the navicular bone flexor surface were detected in eight horses. In three of the 39 horses, only the DDFT was affected. The other 36 horses had ultrasonographic abnormalities in more than one anatomical structure. Based on our results, ultrasonographic examination provides useful diagnostic information in horses without radiographic changes.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

奶牛肢蹄病是奶牛常发疾病．严重影响奶牛的生产效率。本文主要介绍了常见奶牛肢蹄病种类、症状及其防治措施。     

雏鸵鸟新城疫母源抗体水平动态监测

监测了常规免疫种鸵鸟的雏鸵鸟新城疫母源HI抗体在1－25日龄期间的水平变化动态，结果表明，随着日龄的增长，血清母源抗体水平逐渐升高，至7日龄时达高峰，以后逐渐下降，至25日龄时已不能检出。总体看，其消长曲线呈明显的山峰势，由此可确定免疫接种的监界日期为14日龄。     

饲料中添加硒制剂对幼龄鸵鸟生长发育的影响

选取10日龄雏鸵鸟123只，随机分成试验1、2、3组和对照组，在试验组的饲料中添加不同浓度的硒制剂，进行为期75d的饲养试验。结果表明：试验3组在增重和饲料报酬以及成活率均优于对照组和试验1、2组。且差异极显著（P＜0．01）和差异显著，经血液检测COT、LDH、CK值以试验3组最理想。与报道正常值相一致，表明在圈养人工投喂精、青饲料条件下，饲料中硒浓度以0．3ppm为最合适。